Table of Contents
Can multiple myeloma cause pleural effusion?
Pleural effusion is uncommon in multiple myeloma; it has been suggested that it occurs in approximately 6% of cases. Most of these are not directly due to myelomatous infiltration but to related pathologies such as pulmonary embolus, heart failure and nephrotic syndrome.
What causes pleural effusion in fetus?
The underlying cause of pleural effusion in a fetus may include genetic issues, infection, and heart or lung conditions. The outlook for each individual case depends on the amount of fluid in the chest. A high amount of fluid can lead to fetal heart failure (hydrops) and pulmonary hypoplasia (underdeveloped lungs).
How common is fetal pleural effusion?
Fetal pleural effusion is an abnormality resulting from accumulation of fluid in the chest cavity, and the condition was first described by Carroll in 1977 (1). Fetal pleural effusion is a rare condition, with a reported incidence ranging from 1/10,000 to 1/15,000 (2–4).
Can pleural effusion be seen on ultrasound?
Ultrasound improves the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of pleural effusions over standard chest radiographs. Ultrasound can also diagnose a complicated pleural effusion that may be at higher risk for an adverse outcome during a thoracentesis.
Can multiple myeloma spread to the lungs?
CONCLUSIONS: Extramedullary spread of multiple myeloma to the lung is uncommon and very rarely manifests in the form of pulmonary nodules. The presence of extramedullary disease at the time of diagnosis, occurring in over half of extramedullary cases of myeloma, has been associated with poor survival.
Can multiple myeloma cause pleurisy?
Myelomatous pleurisy is a rare complication of MM. Its clinical and laboratory findings are non-specific. Definitive diagnosis relies on the histopathology of pleural biopsy or pleural effusion.
Is fetal pleural effusion serious?
As the amount of fluid increases, it can compress the fetal lungs and heart, lung development and heart function. In severe cases, the condition can be life-threatening. Fetal pleural effusion may be an isolated condition or it may occur as a result of other medical conditions.
Can fetal pleural effusion resolve on its own?
Most cases of pleural effusion do not require fetal treatment, and in some situations, the fluid may spontaneously disappear. If the fluid is causing severe problems with the development of the heart or lungs, a fetal intervention to drain the fluid may be performed.
How does an ultrasound describe pleural effusion?
Based on its sonographic appearance, pleural effusions are categorized as simple or complex. Simple pleural effusions are anechoic, and usually transudative. Complex pleural effusions are subcategorized as homogeneously or heterogeneously echogenic, with or without septations, and are more often exudative.
Does myeloma affect breathing?
Myeloma protein can damage the kidneys, resulting in shortness of breath, weakness, itching, and swelling in the legs.
How does multiple myeloma affect the lungs?
The intraparenchymal causes of respiratory failure from multiple myeloma include alveolar septal amyloidosis, plasma cell infiltration of lung parenchyma, accumulation of alveolar paraproteins, and metastatic calcification of the alveolar walls and blood vessels.
What happens when baby has fluid in lungs?
This excess fluid in the lungs can make it difficult for the baby’s lungs to function properly. This condition is known as transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). This condition typically causes a fast breathing rate (tachypnea) for the infant.
How is fetal lung fluid removed?
After birth, there is an acceleration of active pulmonary fluid absorption, and most is cleared from the full-term newborn lung within 2 h of commencing spontaneous breathing. This is achieved by the active transport of sodium ions out of the alveolar lumen and into the interstitium.
What causes B lines on ultrasound?
In the presence of extravascular lung water (EVLW), the ultrasound beam finds subpleural interlobular septa thickened by edema. The reflection of the beam creates some comet-tail reverberation artifacts, called B-lines or ultrasound lung comets.
How can you tell the difference between pleural effusion and consolidation?
Since an effusion is a fluid in a relatively open space, it will usually move due to gravity when you change your position. A lung consolidation may also be fluid, but it’s inside your lung, so it can’t move when you change positions. This is one way your doctor can tell the difference between the two.
What happens if a baby has fluid on the lungs?