Table of Contents
What are Chemodosimeters?
Chemodosimeters are a class of sensing system based on ana- lyte-induced irreversible chemical reactions. [1] Fluorescent chemodosimeters based on small organic molecules are widely used in detection and bioimaging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), amino acids, pH, metal ions, etc.
What is fluorescence chemosensor?
Compounds incorporating a binding site, a fluorophore, and a mechanism for communication between the two sites are called fluorescent chemosensors. If the binding sites are irreversible chemical reactions, the indicators are described as fluorescent chemodosimeters.
What is chemosensor in chemistry?
A chemosensor is a molecular system for which the physiochemical properties change upon interaction with a chemical species in such a way as to produce a detectable signal.
What do you mean by molecular sensors?
A molecular sensor, also known as a chemosensor or probe, is a molecular or supramolecular-based system that is able to transform probe–analyte interactions into a signal which allows analyte sensing. The most common output signals are usually optical or electrochemical changes.
What is meant by Biosensing?
noun. 1The measurement of physiological activity or the detection of organisms. 2The use of devices incorporating biologically active agents to detect the presence of particular chemicals.
What is chelation enhanced fluorescence?
When the nitrogen forms a chelate ring with Zn2+, the metal complex is over 1000-times more fluorescent than the free ligand. 3 This effect is referred to as the Chelation Enhanced Fluorescence (CHEF) effect.
What is a detector molecule in biology?
A molecular sensor or chemosensor is a molecular structure (organic or inorganic complexes) that is used for sensing of an analyte to produce a detectable change or a signal.
When was the first biosensor invented?
1962
The first biosensor invented by Clark and Lyons (1962) to measure glucose in biological samples utilized the strategy of electrochemical detection of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide (Fracchiolla et al., 2013; Turner, 2013) using immobilized glucose oxidase electrode.
What is Biochips in biology?
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that permits many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and speed. Typically, a biochip’s surface area is no larger than a fingernail.
How are biochips made?
A biochip comprises mainly three types: DNA microarray, protein microarray, and microfluidic chip. With the integration of microarray and microfluidic systems, a micro total analysis system, which is often called a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system, is produced.
How do we detect molecules?
Many techniques can take advantage of single molecule detection. These include laser scanning confocal microscopy, TIRF, wide-field microscopy, and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), as well as super-resolution techniques such as SIM and STED [3].
Why do we need to detect proteins?
Protein detection is used for clinical diagnosis, treatment and biological research. Protein detection evaluates the concentration and amount of different proteins in a particular specimen.
Why the biochips are used?
In addition to genetic applications, the biochip is being used in toxicological, protein, and biochemical research. Biochips can also be used to rapidly detect chemical agents used in biological warfare so that defensive measures can be taken.
What are types of biochips?
Do biochips exist?
One of the first commercial biochips was introduced by Affymetrix. Their “GeneChip” products contain thousands of individual DNA sensors for use in sensing defects, or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in genes such as p53 (a tumor suppressor) and BRCA1 and BRCA2 (related to breast cancer).