Table of Contents
What causes low C1 esterase inhibitor?
The main causes of acquired C1-inhibitor deficiency are lymphoproliferative disease and autoimmune disease.
How does C1 esterase deficiency lead to angioedema?
The deficiency of C1-INH leads to inappropriate activation of the contact-kinin system, release of bradykinin, increased vascular permeability and angioedema [9, 10]. Diagnosis of AAE-C1-INH generally occurs after 40 years of age [11].
What is Type I angioedema?
In this type of angioedema, the body mistakenly identifies certain external substances, such as food or medications, as harmful. It then launches an immune attack against these substances. As part of the immune attack, immune cells produce signaling molecules that promote swelling, ultimately triggering the condition.
Is hereditary angioedema associated with C1-inhibitor deficiency?
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency is an autosomal-dominant disease resulting from a mutation in the C1-inhibitor gene[1,2]. Although HAE is an inherited disorder, 25% of cases arise from spontaneous mutations[3].
What does C1 esterase do?
C1 esterase inhibitor is used to treat or prevent hereditary angioedema (HAE). HAE is a rare disease that causes swelling of the face, hands, feet, throat, stomach, bowels, or genitals. People who have HAE have low levels of C1 esterase inhibitor in their body.
What does it mean if your C1 esterase inhibitor is high?
Normal levels of C1-INH generally range from 16 to 33 milligrams per deciliter. If your C1-INH levels are lower or higher than normal, it may be a sign of: hereditary or acquired angioedema. SLE.
What does C1 mean in a blood test?
C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) is a protein found in the fluid part of your blood. It controls a protein called C1, which is part of the complement system. The complement system is a group of nearly 60 proteins in blood plasma or on the surface of some cells.
What are normal levels of C1 esterase inhibitor?
Reference range for C1 esterase inhibitor antigen is 18–40 mg/dL. The less common form of hereditary angioedema (15% of cases) is due to production of normal quantities of a functionally deficient protein. Detection of this form of the disease requires a functional assay of C1 esterase inhibitor activity.
What does it mean if C1 esterase inhibitor is high?
What is C1 esterase inhibitor functional?
C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is a multispecific protease inhibitor that is present in normal human plasma and serum, and which regulates enzymes of the complement, coagulation, fibrinolytic, and kinin-forming systems.
What triggers angioedema?
Angioedema can be triggered by an allergic reaction to: certain types of food – particularly nuts, shellfish, milk and eggs. some types of medicine – including some antibiotics, aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen. insect bites and stings – particularly wasp and bee stings.
What does C1 esterase inhibitor test for?
Blood test The test checks the level of a substance called C1 esterase inhibitor in your blood. This substance is important in regulating the immune system. A very low level of C1 esterase inhibitor would suggest you have an inherited problem affecting how much of this substance your body is able to produce.
How do you treat angioedema?
Medication is the main treatment for angioedema, although many cases get better after a few days without treatment. Allergic angioedema and idiopathic angioedema are usually treated in the same way, using a combination of antihistamines and corticosteroids to help relieve the swelling.