Table of Contents
What does H1N1 designation mean?
The H1N1 designation refers to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase — proteins on the surface of the influenza virus that enable the virus to enter and leave host cells.
Is PR8 A H1N1?
PR8 is a mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza virus that is known to cause severe infection in mice. In contrast, x31 is an H3N2 influenza virus that causes mild to moderate illness in mice, despite containing the six internal genes of PR8.
How many H1N1 mutations are there?
At the time of its disappearance in 2009, the human H1N1 lineage had accumulated over 1400 point mutations (more than 10% of the genome), including approximately 330 non-synonymous changes (7.4% of all codons).
What does the 1 in H1N1 mean?
Note: The subtype H1N1 is distinguished by a mutation of hemagglutinin (H1) that affects the ability of the virus to infect cells, and a mutation of a neuraminidase (N1) that enables the release of the replicated virus from cells.
What does the H and N mean in H1N1?
Influenza A viruses are divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
What is influenza Wikipedia?
Influenza, commonly known as “the flu”, is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue.
Does the H1N1 virus mutate?
Results of the distribution analyses showed that 77.32% of H1N1 influenza viruses harbored-resistance mutations of which 73.52% were S31N, And the mutant variants mainly appeared in North America and Europe and H1N1 influenza viruses with S31N mutation became the circulating strains since 2009 all over the world.
Is H5N1 a RNA or DNA virus?
The H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. It is an enveloped virus with an eight-segmented, single-stranded RNA genome of negative polarity, with a length of about 13.5 kb in total.
Is H1N1 influenza A or B?
Flu (influenza) viruses are divided into four broad categories: influenza A, B, C or D. Influenza A is the most common type. H1N1 flu is a subtype of influenza A. Subtypes of influenza A are categorized based on two proteins on the surface of the virus, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N).
Is drift or antigenic shift worse?
Because the genes in the resulting virus are dramatically different, this is called antigenic shift. Antigenic shift is more concerning than antigenic drift. Antigenic shift can produce a version of influenza virus that no person’s immune system has antibodies to protect against.
What are the 2 types of influenza that overwhelm humans?
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. Influenza pandemics are caused by type A viruses, and therefore these are the most feared type of influenza virus; neither types B or C have caused pandemics.
What is H and N in H1N1?