Table of Contents
What is hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhosis?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs most often in people with chronic liver diseases, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection.
Does hepatocellular carcinoma cause cirrhosis?
Hepatocellular carcinoma is linked to cirrhosis of the liver and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Is hepatocellular carcinoma a complication of liver cirrhosis?
The major complications of cirrhosis include varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatopulmonary hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and coagulation disorders.
What is the key laboratory finding in hepatocellular carcinoma?
AFP >400–500 ng/ml is considered diagnostic for HCC, although fewer than half of patients may generate levels that high 39. With values of that magnitude, the specificity of AFP is close to 100% but at a cost to the sensitivity which falls below 45% 40.
What causes hepatocellular carcinoma?
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the major form of liver cancer. Risk factors for HCC include chronic HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infections, autoimmune hepatitis, chronic alcohol use, obesity and diabetes mellitus etc [2].
What does hepatocellular carcinoma do to the liver?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or liver cancer, occurs when a tumor grows on the liver. It is responsible for over 12,000 deaths per year in the United States, making it one of the most serious cancers in adults.
What causes cirrhosis of the liver?
The most common causes of cirrhosis are: Hepatitis and other viruses. Alcohol abuse. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (this happens from metabolic syndrome and is caused by conditions such as obesity, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and high blood pressure)
Why is AFP elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma?
AFP levels may be elevated because of production by the tumor or by regenerating hepatocytes. Therefore, AFP levels are also frequently elevated in chronic active hepatitis C (levels of 200-300 ng/mL are not uncommon), but in those patients the levels tend to fluctuate and do not progressively increase.
What is a diagnostic test for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Ultrasound scanning (US) Any mass detected on US in a cirrhotic liver is suspicious of HCC, particularly if it is > 1 cm in size. As a screening test, US has a sensitivity of 65%-80% and has a specificity of > 90%[84–86]. US permits the detection of smaller sized tumors (1 cm) in early carcinogenesis[3,13,87].
What is hepatocellular carcinoma PDF?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver and occurs predominantly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. It is considered as the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with over 500,000 people affected.
What causes cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis is usually a result of liver damage from conditions such as hepatitis B or C, or chronic alcohol use. The damage done by cirrhosis typically cannot be undone. But if caught early enough and depending on the cause, there is a chance of slowing it with treatment.
What happens in liver cirrhosis?
Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease in which healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue and the liver is permanently damaged. Scar tissue keeps your liver from working properly. Many types of liver diseases and conditions injure healthy liver cells, causing cell death and inflammation.